Various use was made of letter combinations, modifications, and diacritics to represent such sounds. Mormonism is entirely based off the claim that some dude dreamed about finding golden tablets, and Wicca is based off the claim that some guy was taught impossibly ancient secrets about an incredibly ancient religion (that somehow escaped Christian persecution for centuries). Examples include the Standard Alphabet by Lepsius (mid-19th century) and the Africa Alphabet of the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures (1928, 1930). The chronicle mostly covers the Songhai empire and the succeeding Arma Kingdom giving brief accounts on the Mali empire. READ: What type of success did John Wooden have throughout his . It was edited in 1764 and widely circulated in Gonja (modern northern-Ghana) including handwritten copies such as traditions spread to the non-muslim Asante Kingdom whose King Osei tutu Kwame commissioned the now-lost History of Asante. The second oldestistheWangara chronicle ofKano titled Asl al-Wangariyin about the history of the Wangara(Soninke)trading diaspora in theHausalands. Although no single set of myths and legends unites this diverse population, different cultural groups and regions share some common mythological elements. 1981. The Kingdom of Kush: Handbook of the Napatan-Meroitic Civilization, The Image of the Ordered World in Ancient Nubian Art. Is this a jpke or somethin. Sub Saharan Africa that includes Sudan, Chad, southern Egypt, northern Tanzania and parts of Nigeria, DR Congo and the Niger River. Geezhadbecome theliturgicaland administrative language ofAxum, and its script was commonly used in theAxumite Kingdom by the 4th century about the time of king Ezanas conversion to Christianity. Regionally and in some localities, other scripts may be of significant importance. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The third oldest script is Meroitic, a nilo-saharan language. The chronicle covers the Songhay empire and parts of the Mali and Ghana empires. "A heavy Muslim influence exists in sub-Saharan Africa where at least fifteen countries have a Muslim majority." 5, p xx Stewart has noted that in the west African country of Senegal, Malik is a popular Muslim male name meaning "king"; in North Africa, Mahmouda Muslim male name meaning "fulfillment"is popular. If he says he looks out the window and says the sky's a beautiful blue, it's probably green with a tornado brewing in the distance. The second oldest written language is Old Nubian, also belonging to the nilo-saharan language family - it was the civil and administrative language of the Christian Nubian Kingdoms of Nobadia, Makuria and Alodia between the 8th and 15th centuries. At several sites across sub-Saharan Africa science has not found evidence of domesticated . Keep the truth coming. Competing Views on Multilingualism. For years the building of Great Zimbabwe was attributed t an unknown and most definitely not indigenous African people. For starter, we have to know which script did the European colonists. did sub saharan africa have a written language . So even if Vai is a newer script, that doesn't somehow diminish its importance. Many attempts to classify them have been inadequate because of the great complexity of the languages and because of a confusion relating language, "race," and economy; for example, there was once a spurious view of pastoralism as related to . Nsibidi and most other written African languages are known to have developed outside Arab, or European influences. Part 3: A brief history of the Islamic Empires of Kanem-Bornu and Hausa-Fulani Land., How Islam spread into sub-Saharan region of West Africa, and the great civilizations it established there, taking its inhabitants out of . Vincent Meadows https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aethiopia, Shawn Mc I am not so sure if I understood Vlad, but I was under the impression that he denies the possibility of Africa and the middle east, ever having been connected by land. Shawn Mc The bible is the worst pseudo historical resource you can ever use. Across sub-Saharan Africa, punitive policies, enforcement practices, and legal barriers to CSOs were associated with a higher HIV prevalence among MSM in this study. The sixth oldest is an anonymously written chronicle written in 1669 and now known by its French-translated title Notice Historique mostly about the Songhai empire. Contribute to Atlanta Black Star today and help us share our narratives. What writing system does the Akan language use? The third oldest script is Meroitic, a nilo-saharan language. In, International Institute of African Languages and Cultures, "Early ceramics from Calabar, Nigeria: Towards a history of Nsibidi", "On mathematical elements in the Tchokwe "Sona" tradition Gerdes, Paulus. How Islam spread into sub-Saharan region of West Africa, and the great civilizations it established there, taking its inhabitants out of paganism to the worship of One God. Often, the responsibility of recording historical information was consigned to professional historians, trusted individuals whose superior wisdom and training equipped them to remember and interpret vast stores of information for the benefit of the community. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Meroitic writing is the oldest-known written language of sub-Saharan Africa. Others studied astronomy like Nasir Al-Ghalawi whose famous manuscript written in 1733 Kashf al-Ghummah fi Nafa al-Ummah (The Important Stars Among the Multitude of the Heavens)is often prominently displayed among the manuscripts of Timbuktu. Herodotus, Plato, Homer, Aristotle, and so on The Egyptian which the Greek renamed the land during Alexander the ungreat! Africans have been writin so long ago, at least 200,000 years, we not even sure exactly when writin came ingo existence. Theseinscriptions of what some archaeologists and linguists have termed proto-Saharan, near the Kharga Oasis west of what was considered Nubia, may date back to as early as 5000 B.C. Similarly in the areas of the Romans and Greeks written language could flourish because the regular climate made it possible to produce food to support cities. Arabic script is mainly used in North Africa and Ge'ez script is widely used in the Horn of Africa. Tolkein's Elvish writing systems are a beautiful example of this. While the Nubian Kingdom itself begun around 2500BC as the Kingdom of Kerma, the oldest inscriptions are dated back to the 2, oyal communication and display. The oldest written scripts ever discovered are what called Proto Saharan, found by the Kharga . Also, Siberia is part of Russia, but not Europe. Sinai is separated from Egypt by the Suez Canal, And is completely connected to Asia. Again READ what I said THEN create an Argument. Thebeginningsof chroniclingWest-Africas history, discovered thus far, started in the 15th century. "The Oromo Orthography of Shaykh Bakri Saal", "Isibheqe Sohlamvu: An Indigenous Writing System for Southern Bantu Languages", http://www.bl.uk/about/policies/endangeredarch/tuchscherer.html, http://www.afrikanistik-online.de/archiv/2009/1912/, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, "Preliminary proposal to encode Beria Giray Erfe (or Beria Branding Script)", "Preliminary proposal for encoding the Garay script in the SMP of the UCS", "Mende syllabary, pronunciations and language", "N'Ko alphabet and the Maninka, Bambara, Dyula languages", "The "international niamey keyboard" Layout", http://www.sudlangues.sn/spip.php?article101, Systmes alphabtiques des langues africaines, Phenomenon of the African idea of the written language, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Writing_systems_of_Africa&oldid=1137137795, Somalia: Writing systems developed in the twentieth century for transcribing Somali include the, An alphabetic script called Nilerian has been invented by Aleu Majok for, IsiBheqe SoHlamvu (Bheqe Syllabary), also known as. [3] The symbols are at least several centuries old: early forms appeared on excavated pottery as well as what are most likely ceramic stools and headrests from the Calabar region, with a range of dates from 400 (and possibly earlier, 2000 BC[4]) to 1400 CE. Middle East being North East Africa, that is bullshit. D) the written form of a language. Excuse me for "sounding" a bit harsh or critical of your response, but you saying "I can't find anything to back up the claim that Vai is an ancient script" comes off a bit disingenuous in light of one of the sources from which you quote. Theres an almost century-long gap between, translation of West Africas manuscripts to, that was written primarily using Al-Sadis Tarikh al-sudan. ' as for the (whole?) Overall, there are over 100 languages in the Nilo-Saharan group, which covers an area of . needed to legitimise his claim on the throne. Since the colonial period, there have been efforts to propose and promulgate standardized or at least harmonized approaches to using the Latin script for African languages. This button displays the currently selected search type. did sub saharan africa have a written language. Get the latest African news from BBC News in Africa: breaking news, features, analysis and special reports plus audio and video from across the African continent. Geez or Ethiopic has been computerized and assigned Unicode 3.0 codepoints between U+1200 and U+137F (decimal 46084991), containing the basic syllable signs for Geez, Amharic, and Tigrinya, punctuation and numerals. View more posts. Vlad Donciu I just wrote about two different empirical forces that extended beyond modern continental Africa? It was often written on private funerary inscriptions (constituting over half of the recovered texts), temple walls, ostraca, wood and papyrus.The creation of Meroitic literacy was motivated by the necessity of an easily accessible monumental royal communication and display. attash (chronicle of the researcher) in 1519. This doesn't tell you much about the various areas of The Arab peninsula and modern day Sinai region. Two diametrically opposite views have emerged with respect to the presence of numerous languages across the various countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa is a general term for the countries in Africa that are south of the Sahara Desert. However, Sudan (which apparently had 2 different written languages) and the Horn of Africa are somewhat marginally sub-Saharan regions. One of the best preserved of these is the 1.6m tall stela, BC detailing temple donations and military campaigns during his reign and a 2, AD funerary stela of the Lady Ataqelula a wealthy woman, one of many. The whole continent of the so-called Africa was documented and known as an Ethiopia. Southern Africa. The Truth must be told without any fear or favor! The Transatlantic Slave trade not only distorted Africa's economic development it also distorted views of the history and importance of the African continent itself. Change). The Romans did not invent chariots. Europeans enslaved and killed at least twenty million Africans between the sixteenth and mid . sport in practice and competition, but you are lacking employing this attitude In many cases, the colonial regimes had little interest in the writing of African languages, but in others they did. Also, a writing system doesn't have to be ancient to be legitimate. Unicode in principle resolves the issue of incompatible encoding, but other questions such as the handling of diacritics in extended Latin scripts are still being raised. Studies in language and society ; 33). ate resident Bwana Mwengo Athmani who in 1728 wrote Utendi wa Tambuka. Vlad Donciu In the Bible, nowhere is it mentioned, that Abraham, or Jesus' parents used a boat, to go to Egypt. The third oldest were the Kanem-Bornu chronicles written by Ahmad furtuwami (Ibn Furtu) a Kanuri scholar about the history of the empire and Mai Alamwas wars of expansion; Ghazawat Barnu (The Book of the Bornu Wars) was written in 1576 and Ghazawat Kanei (The Book of the Kanem Wars) was written in 1578. Hayward, Richard J. and Mohammed Hassan. In the case of Hausa in Northern Nigeria, for instance, the colonial government was directly involved in determining the written forms for the language. Congo. The most common African language in this group is Kanuri, with between four and five million speakers. Dalby, David. IsiZulu, or Zulu, is one of South Africa's official language, and has over 10 million speakers. One of the oldest Swahili poems on medicine was written by Masalih al-Insan al-Mutaalliqa bil Adyan wal Abdan (An important consideration of man relating to religion and health) was written by Abdullahi dan Fodio in 1809 and many other examples not listed due to limited space. (not 800 B.C.). Recent exposed findings on the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean will surly bring more info on the history of writing to the light. The other topicsof African literaturethat wont be discussed in detail include astronomyand othersciences, mathematics, medicine, statecraft, poetry, and religion. It was often necessary to modify the script to accommodate sounds not represented in the script as used for the Arabic language. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. It seems as if a written language did not develop in Sub-Saharan Africa because of the harsh climatic conditions making it difficult for supporting cities with sufficient food production over extended periods. Despite the existence of a widely known and well-established script in Ethiopia and Eritrea there are a few cases where Muslims in Ethiopia and Eritrea have used the Arabic script, instead, for reasons of religious identity. Africa had a history of nations and states long before the Europeans arrived, it was just not written down. It is a genuine geographic term to delineate a very real physical separation between North Africa and the rest of Africa. One standard ISO 6438 for bibliographic purposes was adopted but apparently little used (curiously, although this was adopted at about the same time as the African reference alphabet, there were some differences between the two, indicating perhaps a lack of communication between efforts to harmonize transcription of African languages and the ISO standards process).
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